This article focuses on filter press pumps, a core piece of industrial filtration equipment, and clarifies their critical role in solid-liquid separation of slurries. It systematically categorizes filter press pumps into centrifugal pumps for thin slurries, positive displacement pumps (reciprocating plunger pumps, diaphragm pumps) for thick and abrasive slurries, and specialty pumps including AODD pumps and peristaltic pumps, explaining their working principles, advantages and limitations. It also introduces the function of filter press feed pumps, and uses practical cases from municipal wastewater treatment, mining and food processing to illustrate the importance of correct pump selection in improving filter cake dryness, shortening processing cycles and reducing downtime and maintenance costs. In addition, key selection factors such as wetted part materials, flow and pressure matching, NPSH, maintainability and energy efficiency are highlighted, along with professional maintenance tips to help industrial users avoid wrong selection and achieve efficient slurry filtration.